The focus of precision diagnosis, treatment and nanomedicine is on addressing challenging clinical issues, including cancer, neurological diseases, immune system diseases, respiratory/metabolic system diseases, tissue/organ damage, etc. By means of interdisciplinary collaboration across a range of disciplines, including medicine, physics, chemistry and materials science, the analysis of disease aetiology, the tracking of pathological evolution and the development of individualized precision diagnosis and treatment strategies for major diseases can be achieved. Led by the precise classification and diagnosis of the disease development process, combined with nanopores, electroanalysis, microfluidics, and molecular probes, the research on precise disease diagnosis and biomedical sensing is carried out. Based on the biological effects of materials, the objective is to design and develop smart materials with good biocompatibility and bioactivity, to develop new biomanufacturing processes, to study their behaviours and roles in living systems, and to explore innovative treatment strategies for major diseases.